原创《听力命题的集中点》
本文是命题类参考文献格式范文跟听力命题和命题方面专科毕业论文范文。
一、数字与计算
该类考点属于获取事实性的具体信息.对话大多涉及日期、时刻、基数词、序数词、分数、百分数、年代、具体的编号等.做题时,考生不仅要听清有关数字,还要注意一些与计算相关的词汇.
该类题目常分为两类：一类为直接型,可直接听出答案：另一类为计算型,即会听到几个数字,需简单运算才能得出答案.有些试题中数字较多,读音相近并且连续出现,掌握数字的各种表达对考生来说非常重要.同时,考生还要养成边听边记录的习惯.如：
How will Susan spend most of her time in France?
A．Treling around．
B．Studying at a school．
C. Looking after her aunt.
听力原文
M:Susan,l heard you are going to France. Howlong will you be staying there?
W:A whole year. My aunt lives there. I´m going todo a one-month course at a language school andspend the rest oftime treling.
题干问的是most of her time,考生在做题时需要注意这几个时间：A whole year,one-month,the rest of time,并进行简单的计算,答案为A.
二、职业与身份
此类考点常要求考生根据对话内容和情景来确定说话人的职业、身份以及对话双方的关系.做此类题的关键是要抓住对话的内容和地点,还要注意彼此的称呼和说话的语气以及与说话人身份或职业相关的词汇.如：
What is the probable relationship betweenthe speakers?
A. Salesperson and customer.
B. Homeowner and cleaner.
C．Husband and wife.
听力原文
W:Anything interesting in the paper to-day,dear?
M: Well, yeah. There are... It only has one
bedroom ,but...
W:Yeah,let me see what the cheapest two-bed-room apartment... But it doesn´t he any furniture.
M: Well,it costsa lot to buy all the furniture.
根据对话中的dear, two-bedroom apartment ,fur-niture可知,答案为C.
三、地点与场合
该类考点属于对谈话场合的判断.若是直接型试题,则对话会涉及几个地点,考生抓住题干和原文关键词即可：若是间接型试题,则考生只要抓住一些和特定地点有关的常用词,就可得出正确答案.如：
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.Ina wine shop.
B.In a supermarket.
C.In a restaurant.
听力原文
M: Here is the menu, Madam. Would you like some-thing to drink?
W: Yes, please. MayI see the wine list?
M: Certainly. Here you are.
根据对话中出现的menu,drink,wlne可知,答案为C.
四、原因与结果
该类考点考查考生对对话中因果关系的识别和理解.这类题目有难度,因为正确选项一般不是材料中的原词（组）,而是该词的同义词（组）.在对话中,第一个人通常说明事实结果,第二个人解释原因,一般以提问原因的情况居多.因此,考生应特别注意对话中第二个人的说话内容.另外,特别注意在对话或选项中表示原因或结果的词.如：
Why are the speakers making the trip?
A．For business.
B．For shopping.
C．For holiday.
听力原文
M:Hey Lucy,do you he sometime to talk aboutnext week´s trip with me?
W:...The company car will pick us up and take usthere．
M：…
W:...Besides,the company pays for our trip,in-cluding hotel and food.
根据对话中的The company...可知,答案为A.
五、事件与计划
该类考点在听力题中所占的比例最多,一般考查说话者做了什么、要做什么或正在做什么.考生要注意对话双方各自做了哪些事,尤其注意一些句型but后面的内容,它是得出答案的关键.如：
What will the man do for the woman？
A．Repair her car．
B．Give hera ride．
C．Pick up her aunt.
听力原文
W:Oh my,my car broke down and I he to meetmy aunt at the railway station before noon.
M:You´ re lucky.I can drop you off on my way.
根据男人所说的drop you off on my way可知,答案为B.
六、态度与反应
该类考点要根据双方的措辞和表述方式,判断他们的态度、情感以及对某人或某事的看法.听录音时,考生可以从说话人性别、语音、语调的变化人手,辨别其态度.如：
What does the man think of Sara´s plan?
A. Funny.
B.Exciting.
C.Strange.
听力原文
M:All right Sara,we know that you´re planningsomething big for John´s birthday...
W：…
M:Boy！ What an excellent plan！ That´s somethingspecial.．．
从男人的第二句话很容易判断出答案为B.
七、推理与理解
该类考点对话双方的表达方式比较含蓄,考生要在听懂听力材料整体内容的前提下,抓住关键词,然后进行合理的推理,推出弦外之音.如：
What does the woman mean?
A. Keep the window closed.
B．Go out for fresh air.
C．Turn on the fan．
听力原文
M:We need to he some fresh air. Do you mind myopening the window?
W: Asa matter offact ,I´m feelinga bit cold.
从原文中可推断出答案为A.
八、主旨与大意
该类考点主要考查考生的综合概括能力,要求考生对材料的理解是建立在语篇层面上的宏观理解,抓住关键词和主题句.如：
What is the speaker talking about?
A. The life oftea tasters.
B. Afternoon tea in Britain.
C.The London Tea Trade Center.
听力原文
Look at this picture. It´s the London Tea TradeCenter. As you can see,it is on the north bank of the Riv-er Thames...
在这段独白中,第二句话是主题句,答案为C.
（责任编校／彭益）
命题论文参考资料：
简而言之:这是一篇适合不知如何写听力命题和命题方面的命题专业大学硕士和本科毕业论文以及关于命题论文开题报告范文和相关职称论文写作参考文献资料。
