原创《重庆市农业保险现状与》
该文是关于农业保险方面本科毕业论文范文跟农业保险和对策研究和现状相关本科毕业论文范文。
Market and Prospect of 7-ELEVEN in China
荣钰
【Abstract】With the development of international economy,the world famous retailer 7-ELEVEN,is now facing some difficulties in China.This paper is concentrated on the 7-ELEVENs development in China,and find some solution to enhance its competitiveness.
【Key words】convenience storescompetitivenessprospect
一、Brief Introduction of 7-ELEVEN
7-ELEVEN is an international chain of convenience stores that operates, franchises and licenses some 56,600 stores in 18 countries.［1］The chain was known as Totem Stores until renamed in 1946.7-ELEVEN Inc.is headquartered in the US city of Irving,Texas.Its parent company,Seven-Eleven Japan Co.,Ltd.,is located in Tokyo.
The companys first outlets were named “Totem Stores” because customers “toted” away their purchases.［2］Some stores featured genuine Alaskan totem poles in front of the store.In 1946,the chains name was changed from “Totem” to “7-ELEVEN” to reflect the companys new,extended hours,7:00 am to 11:00 pm,seven days per week.The 100th store was opened in 1952,the 1000th store in 1963 and the 15000th store in 1995.In 1963,7-ELEVEN introduced its first 24 hour store,which subsequently became the norm.Today 7-ELEVEN stores around the world operate 24 hours a day,seven days a week.［3］In November 1999,the corporate name of the US company was changed from “The South land Corporation” to “7-ELEVEN Inc.”.
二、The market condition of 7-ELEVEN in China
（一）The current situation of retail industry
Retail involves the process of selling consumer goods or services through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit.［4］
Before the 1990s,the department store controls the market.Since the Chinese economic reform,the consumers demand has changed and the competition of retail market gets fiercer.The supermarket and convenience store grew more and more quickly,which became an important power of Chinese retail industry.However,due to the different situation of the development,some of the retails are progressing rapidly,and others are also discovering the new pattern to be succesul.
Convenience store refers to a store that is near the residential area.This kind of store has long working hours.And it mainly provides convenient goods and commodities,including good service.［5］The variety of commodities is limited.But because of the convenience,the store is still popular in the consumers.
（二）Market positioning of 7-ELEVEN
As a retailer,7-ELEVEN aims to make people enjoy an easier life.It sells daily equipment which we often use.Also,the price is higher than those common retailers.However,one of its characteristics is that it is ailable around the clock.7-ELEVEN gains remarkable advantage over other retailers by developing its own difference and meeting customer requirements.But in terms of the whole nationwide,7-ELEVEN only has a few market share,so it needs to develop its competitiveness.
Nowadays,the development of convenience stores gets into a new level only in some big cities like Guangzhou.The 7-ELEVEN requires purchase in a short time and we can buy goods at any time in a day.Besides,the commodities provided in the 7-ELEVEN should be food and daily necessities.The place of 7-ELEVEN should be some cities with a dense population.［6］Whats more,the target group of 7-ELEVEN should be some young students、white-collar workers who pursue agility and convenience.Meanwhile,7- ELEVEN also needs to set up an efficient logistics distribution system to guarantee diversification and rapid supply of raw materials,which can bring a good shopping experience for customers and occupy a larger market share.
（三）Analysis of 7-ELEVEN
1、Strength
（1）7-ELEVEN has innovative people-oriented service.It has logistics service so that when you pick up your things you can buy some things at the same time.
（2）The ways we pay our bill are various.
（3）7-ELEVEN can provide delivery service to customers.
（4）7-ELEVEN has many unique products which specially made for it.and the suppliers of its products he good reputation
（5）It has its own central logistics service to reduce its logistic fees about 10%.
（6）7-ELEVEN are franchise,in this way,reputation can be developed very well．
2、Weakness
（1）7-ELEVEN in Taiwan and many other areas can do many daily things,such as pay fees,faxes,but it can only sell things in China.It needs to broaden its service scope.
（2）Too little advertisements in China which lead to its weakness popularity
（3）Compared with specialty stores,7-ELEVEN cover many products including fast foods,daily necessities and so on.So its adaptability is weaker than other other shop only sell specific products.
3、Opportunity
Introduce new products to satiy different needs.It is a good idea to introduce more kind of fast food to cater for customers,such curry,sushi and so on.
4、Threat
Too many retailers in the market,the price competition give 7-ELEVEN too much burden,because the retailers he little profits,we cannot decrease our price to achieve target.
（四）Advantages
1、Political
national macro-economic policy support the development of convenience store.After attending WTO,China begin to strengthen commercial laws,making retailer stores more normalize and reasonable.［7］ Develop the supervision of market system,provide well consumption environment to customers.
2、Economic
Recently Chinese economic growth swiftly,it is good for stores to develop.Because well economic can promote stores long term development.Retail stores are coming into mature period.It can promote 7-ELEVEN to become popular.
3、Social
China has great amount of people which means great consumption.
（五）Sales performance of 7-ELEVEN
1、Product
①Product classification
The 7-1ELEVEN sales more than 3000 kinds of daily necessaries,which can be categorized into two kinds of product:
A.Food products：beverage,fast food,snacks,etc;
B.Non-food product and services：express delivery service、ticket service,etc;
②Special product service：
24 hours non-stop business services.
2、Price
①Pricing strategy
A：“Cost plus” pricing policy
B：Charge higher prices than supermarkets
3、Place
（1）The 7-ELEVEN joint distribution center collects goods and sets out goods united according to different regions and commodity groups, Regional division is generally in the vicinity of the central city district 35 km,other local markets is 60 km,setting up a distribution center per region,to achieve high frequency,multi variety,all unit distribution.The 7-ELEVEN got a big space of increasing the whole profit by reducing costs.
（2）Choose the best store location.Set up the store in the range of consumers daily life.
三、Business Plan
More 7-ELEVENs can be opened in some big cities like Beijing、Shanghai.The store location can be near the bus station or metro.Diversified services should be provided,such as customers can pay water bill or telephone bill.Only by providing more convenience can the business of 7-ELEVEN be better.
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（作者单位：辽宁大学商学院）
作者简介：荣钰（1996－）,女,汉族,广东兴宁人,本科,辽宁大学商学院,研究方向：会计.
许兴
【摘 要】农业保险可以让农民在农业生产中从容的面对风险,提供有力的支持和保障.本文梳理了重庆市农业保险发展现状,并提出存在问题以及相关对策建议.
【关键词】农业保险财政补贴法律规范
一、发展现状
农业保险是为农业生产者在从事种植业、林业、畜牧业和渔业生产过程中,受到意外事故、自然灾害、疫病、疾病等造成经济损失后能够获得赔偿的一种保险.农业保险能够让投保农户在遭受损失后及时得到经济补偿,尽快恢复农业生产,让农民能够更加从容的面对农业生产中的风险,对农民的生产活动产生积极的影响,提供有力的支持和保障.
随着2007年11月7日重庆市政策性农业保险在合川区开出赔付第一单,开启了农业保险的发展之路.2017年计划在全市30个区县开展水稻保险2209万亩,玉米保险160万亩,油菜保险327万亩,马铃薯保险65万亩,柑橘保险814万亩,生猪保险400万头,能繁母猪保险60万头,渔业保险6万亩；在21个区县开展水稻收益保险12万亩,生猪收益保险32万头,蔬菜收益保险5万亩,柑橘收益保险8万亩,青菜头收益保险15万亩,山羊收益保险2万头,较2016年增加试点区县10个,增加保险品种1个.
二、存在问题
（一）农业保险产品不够丰富
据统计,农业保险目前共有190多个险种、近800个保险产品,在2007年到2016年的10年间,风险保障从1126亿元增长到216万亿元,成为农业生产的重要保障,但农业保险仍然有很多空白需要填补.比如：目前我国农业保险只囊括了种子、农药、化肥、等直接物化成本,没有涵盖土地流转成本,如果没有将这部分成本纳入保险范围,一旦遇到灾害,经营主体可能面临破产的风险.
（二）保费财政补贴制度不够完善
《重庆市农业保险保费补贴管理暂行办法》中对于补贴范围较为狭窄,只包括能繁母猪、育肥猪等少部分养殖业品种,以及水稻、玉米、马铃薯等种植业作物,针对新型农业经营主体和特色农产品的补贴险种很少,难以满足现代农业发展的需要.其次,目前的补贴审核程序复杂,补贴过程漫长,降低了补贴资金的拨付效率,影响保费补贴的使用效率.
（三）农业保险普及度不高
目前农民对于农业保险的意义和作用以及相关政策了解还不够,农业保险意识较为薄弱.一是保险机构开拓市场不够深入,对相关农业保险知识的宣传力度还不够大,农民保险知识的普及程度较低；二是,政府缺乏专门的保险咨询与宣传部门,只有在开展投保宣传工作的时,政府相关单位才会组织一些业务员进行咨询服务,和保险机构宣传配合较少.
（四）缺乏专门的法律规范
到目前为止,我国还没有一部关于农业保险的专门法律规范,如果保险公司的经营业务得不到统一的规范,会造成农业保险发展滞后.至今重庆相关政府部门出台了《重庆市农业保险承保理赔管理实施细则》、《重庆市农业保险保费补贴管理暂行办法》等条例,但不够细化具体,对于农业保险的经营方式、财政补贴、保障范围及程度及优惠措施还需结合自身情况进行进一步探索.
三、对策建议
（一）全面升级农业保险产品
为满足新形势下农业风险的发展需求,保险公司应当加大农业保险产品的保障力度,扩大保险责任范围,提高赔付标准、降低理赔条件,结合当地农业的风险特点、分布以及经营情况情况设计出更多贴合实际需要的农业保险产品,并及时根据新型农业经营主体在现代农业发展中呈现出了新特点、新风险和新需求全面升级农业保险产品.
（二）完善保费财政补贴制度
政府相关部门应当针对重庆当地农业的发展情况合理确定补贴范围和水平,及时完善新型农业经营主体和特色农产品的补贴制度,起到积极的推动作用.同时优化补贴审核程序,缩短冗长不必要的补贴过程,提高补贴资金的拨付效率和使用效率.
（三）加大农业保险宣传力度
为提高农业保险知识的普及程度,增强农民的保险意识,政府与保险机构应当互相配合,加大农业保险宣传力度,一方面政府要积极参与普及农业保险知识的相关工作,帮助农险工作人员培训业务知识,通过保险政策与典型案例的讲解,加强农户的保险意识；另一方面保险机构通过发放宣传资料、开展宣讲活动、借助村民会议等方式,加强对农户相关法律政策的宣传,提高农民参保积极性.
（四）完善相关法律规范
世界多个国家均建立了农业保险制度,希腊、加拿大等国由政府成立农业保险公司进行经营；美国则采取政府主办保险公司经营的方式；日本采取的是农民互助合作组织经营政府补贴的形式.为推动农业保险的健康发展,政府应借鉴国外发达国家的法律规范,结合自身国情建立关于农业保险的基本法,重庆也应在此基础上研究出配套的发展规划和规章准则,推进当地农业保险的发展.
（作者单位：重庆财经职业学院）
基金项目：本文系2016年重庆财经职业学院科研计划项目（项目编号：2016KYY003）,重庆财经职业学院科研计划项目的研究成果.
作者简介：许兴（1990－),女,重庆人,硕士,助理讲师,研究方向：实务投资.
农业保险论文参考资料：
归纳总结：本文论述了关于农业保险和对策研究和现状方面的相关大学硕士和农业保险本科毕业论文以及相关农业保险论文开题报告范文和职称论文写作参考文献资料。
